Pulmonology and Phthisiology is a subdivision of medical science, which studies the issues of diagnostics, treatment and prevention of the diseases of lungs and respiratory tracts, and also the reasons of their appearance, regularities and mechanisms of tuberculosis dissemination, pathological processes in man’s body and methods of its diagnostics, treatment and rehabilitation, prevention of patients. In healthcare organizations of the Republic of Belarus modern methods of diagnostics, treatment, rehabilitation and prevention of respiratory organs have been developing and are continuously being implemented.